Units 10 and 11 Glossary
Unit 9 Glossary
Unit 8 Glossary
Unit 6 Glossary
Unit 5 Glossary
- Population: it is the number of people who live there.
- Urban Population: people who live in cities.
- Rural Population: people who live in villages and towns.
- Natural increase: it is the difference between the number of people who are born in a year and the number of people who are dead in the same year.
- Positive natural increase: it occurs when more people are born and less people die.
- Negative natural increase: it occurs when more people die than are born.
- Population density: it is the number of inhabitants per kilometre square.
- Migration: it is the movement of people form one place of residence to another.
- Internal migration: it is the migration produced within the same nation.
- International migration: it is the migration from one nation to another.
- Work: it is any human activity which people do for money.
- Active population: it is the people who work or are looking for a job.
- Inactive population: it is the people who cannot work.
- Primary Sector: it is the economic sector of jobs that obtain resources from nature.
- Secondary Sector: it is the economic sector of jobs that transform natural resources into manufactured products.
- Tertiary Sector: it is the econmic sector of jobs that provide services.
Unit 9 Glossary
- . River: it is a moving body of water.
- Course: it is the route which the river takes from the source to the mouth.
- Upper course: it is the part of the river near the source.
- Middle course: it is the part of the river in the middle of the course.
- Lower course: it is the part of the river which is near the mouth.
- Flow: it is the amount of water that a river carries.
- Flow regime: it is the flow pattern of a river during the year.
- Torrent: it is a stream of water formed after a heavy rain.
- Lake: it is a large body of water surrounded by land.
- Reservoir: it is a man-made lake.
- Weather: it is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and at a given time.
- Climate: it is the condition of the atmosphere in a particular place during a long period of time.
- Tropical zone: it is the climatic zone located near the equator.
- Temperate zone: it is the climatic zone located in both hemispheres.
- Polar zone: it is the climatic zone located in the polar areas.
- Atlantic climate: it is the climate of the Cantabrian coast and Galicia. Mild temperatures and heavy rains.
- Mediterranean climate: it is the climate of inland Spain and the regions near the Mediterranean Sea. Hot summers and mild winters. Little precipitation.
- Subtropical climate: it is the climate typical of the Canary Islands. High temperatures and limited precipitation.
- Mountain climate: it is the climate typical of elevated areas. Cold winters, mild summers and heavy precipitation.
- Flora (vegetation): it is all the plant life or vegetation in a specific area.
- Fauna: it is all the animal life in a specific area.
- Natural preserve: it is a special area created by the government authorities to protect the environment.
Unit 8 Glossary
- Landscape: it is all the different characteristics of the surface of the Earth.
- Mountain: it is a raised part of the surface of the Earth.
- Mountain range: they are tseveral mountains together.
- Mountain chain: they are several mountain ranges together.
- Altitude: it is the height above sea level of any point on the surface of the Earth.
- Hill: it is a very low mountain.
- Valley: it is a low area between mountains.
- Plain: it is an area of flat land.
- Plateau: it is a plain in a very high altitude.
- Depression: it is a plain lower than the surrounding land.
- Coastal plain: it is a plain near the coast.
- Coast: it is the place where the land meets the sea.
- Cliff: it is a rocky wall near the sea.
- Cove: a very small bay.
- Cape: it is a place where land extends into the sea.
- Gulf: it is a place where the sea extend into the land.
- Bay: it is a small gulf.
- Peninsula: it is a land area almost completely surrounded by water.
- Island: it is a piece of land surrounded by water on all sides.
- Archipelago: it is a group of islands.
- Estuary: it is the part of a river which meets the sea.
- Lagoon: it is an area of water which is separated from the sea by a strip of land.
- Marsh: it is a wetland which forms near the mouth of a river.
- Unit 7 Glossary
- Atmosphere: it is the layer of air which surrounds the Earth.
- Troposphere: it is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, where the 80% of the gases are and weather phenomena occur.
- Stratosphere: it is the layer after the troposphere where there is a high concentration of ozone.
- Precipitation: it is water which falls from the atmosphere to the Earth.
- Wind: it is the movement of air.
- Hydrosphere: it is all the water on the Earth that can be solid, liquid or gas.
- Saltwater: it is the water that contains a large amount of salt, usually seawater.
- Fresh water: it is the water on land that contains very small amounts of salt.
- Water cycle: it is the constant circulation of water from the ocean to the atmosphere and back to the land.
- Geosphere: it is the solid part of the Earth.
- Crust: it is the outer layer of the geosphere.
- Mantle: it is the middle layer of the geosphere.
- Core: it is the inner layer of the geosphere.
- Rock: it is a natural material which makes up the crust.
- Mineral: it is a pure substance that compounds the rocks.
- Volcanoe: it is an opening where magma comes to the surface.
- Earthquake: it is a movement of the crust which is caused by internal forces. if it occurs under the sea floor it is called tsunami.
- Erosion. it is the removal of soil and rock by the wind, water or ice.
- Transport: it is the movement of eroded material.
- Deposition and sedimentation: they are the processes which leave the eroded materials in other places.
Unit 6 Glossary
- · Matter: it is everything that has a weight and occupies a space.
- · Element: it is matter that consists of one type of atom.
- · Compound: it is matter that consists of two or more types of atoms.
- · Pure substance: they are substances made up of only of one kind of element or compound.
- · Mixture: it is when some pure substances are put together.
- · Heterogeneous mixture: it is a mixture where each substance can be distinguished and we can separate it from the rest of the mixture.
- · Homogeneous mixture: it is a mixture where each substance cannot be distinguished and we cannot separate it from the rest of the mixture.
- · Mass: it is the amount of matter in an object.
- · Volume: it is the quantity of space which an object occupies.
- · Density: it is mass per volume.
- · Physical changes: they are changes in an object or substance which don’t affect the matter.
- · Chemical changes: they are changes in an object or substance which affect the matter.
- · Movement: it is a physical change where the object or substance change position.
- · Expansion: it is a physical change where the object increases its size because the temperature of it raises.
- · Contraction: it is a physical change where the object decreases its size because the temperature of it is decreased.
- · Change of state: it is a physical change where the state of the object changes because a variation of its temperature.
- · Fragmentation: it is a physical change where the object is divided into small pieces.
- · Oxidation: it is a chemical change where a substance changes into another when in contact of oxygen.
- · Combustion: it is a chemical change where an object changes into another when it is burnt.
- · Putrefaction: it is a chemical change where a living thing decomposes.
- · Solid: it is matter that has a fixed volume and shape.
- · Liquid: it is matter that has fixed volume but not fixed shape.
- · Gas: it is matter that has no fixed volume or shape.
- · Melting: it is a change of state from solid to liquid.
- · Solidification: it is a change of state from liquid to solid.
- · Boiling: it is a change of state from liquid to gas when the liquid boils.
- · Evaporation: it is a change of state from liquid to gas at any temperature.
- · Condensation: it is a change of state from gas to liquid.
- · Sublimation: it is a change of state from solid to gas.
Unit 5 Glossary
- The Digestive proccess: it is the process that converts the food we eat into nutrients that our body can absorb.
- Digestive system: it is the system where the digestive proccess takes part.
- Ingestion: it is the process in which we take food into our digestive system.
- Digestion: the process which breaks down food to get nutrients.
- Absorption: it is the process in which nutrients pass from the digestive system to the blood.
- Egestion: it is the excretion of undigested substances.
- Respiration: it is the movement of air in and out of our body to obtain oxygen (inhalation) and expulse carbon dioxide (exhalation).
- Respiratory system: it is the system where the respiration takes part.
- Excretion: it is the elimination of waste substances from blood.
- Excretory system: it is the system where the exretion of urine takes part.
- Circulation: it is the movement of blood through the circulatory system to transport nutrients, oxygen and waste.
- Circulatory system: it is the system where the circulation of blood takes part.